Astrocytes are the major cell type in the mammalian brain. They have been implicated in a variety of supportive functions for their partner neurons in the central nervous system, such as neuronal guidance during development, ion and water homeostasis, blood flow regulation, neurotransmission, energy metabolism, and immune defense. Recent studies have shown that spinal cord astrocytes contribute to neuroinflammation by chemokine expression, which leads to the recruitment of “inflammatory” monocytes and neutrophils to the lesion site. Experimentally, spinal cord astrocytes have also been used to study the wobbler mutation and astrogliosis. As the importance of astrocyte function in the nervous system becomes more recognized, particularly in regards to the modulation of neural activity, astrocyte cultures will provide a useful tool for exploring the diverse properties and functions of these cells. HA-sp from ScienCell Research Laboratories are isolated from human spinal cord. HA-sp are cryopreserved at passage one and delivered frozen. Each vial contains >5 x 105 cells in 1 ml volume. HA-sp are characterized by immunofluorescence with antibody specific to GFAP. HA-sp are negative for HIV-1, HBV, HCV, mycoplasma, bacteria, yeast, and fungi. HA-sp are guaranteed to further expand for 15 population doublings under the conditions provided by ScienCell Research Laboratories. Recommended Medium It is recommended to use Astrocyte Medium (AM, Cat. #1801) for culturing HA-sp in vitro.