In vascular adventitia, the outermost connective tissue covering the vessel, adventitial fibroblasts (AF) produce collagen to provide structural support by anchoring the blood vessel to nearby tissues. AF are the first cells of the vascular wall to respond to hypertension and vascular injury through activation and proliferation. During pathological conditions, AF produce cytokines and chemokines to induce mass infiltration of immune cells into the adventitial layer of the vessel wall. Immune cell infiltration into the adventitia results in adventitial inflammation and can lead to cardiovascular disease. The important properties of AF make AF cultures an ideal tool for studying the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease and for the development of novel disease treatments. HAAF from ScienCell Research Laboratories are isolated from human aortic artery. HAAF are cryopreserved at passage one and delivered frozen. Each vial contains >5 x 105 cells in 1 ml volume. HAAF are characterized by spindle morphology and by immunofluorescence with antibody specific to fibronectin. HAAF are negative for HIV-1, HBV, HCV, mycoplasma, bacteria, yeast and fungi. HAAF are guaranteed to further expand for 15 population doublings under the conditions provided by ScienCell Research Laboratories. Recommended Medium It is recommended to use Fibroblast Medium-2 (FM-2, Cat. #2331) for culturing HAAF in vitro.